Rotary drilling-tool.



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J. vv. PIPPIN..

ROTARY DRILLING TOOL. APPucATmN mil-11m30.191s.

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

'A HORA/EVS JOHN WILLIAM PIPPIN, OF OKLAHOMA, OKLAHOMA.

ROTARY DmLtING-Toor..

madero.

known as rotary hydraulic jetty process,V

wherein expanding and contracting bits are provided, together with supporting mechanism therefor for coperating` with the bits to hold them in expanded or contracted position to cut away the earth beneath the casing or to enter the casingV for withdrawal, and wherein mechanism is provided for y locking the tool to the casing to constrain the drill to rotate with the casing, and wherein the said locking mechanism is ar ranged to release the bits to permit them to move into expanded position.

ln the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved drill in use and'ex anded;

Fig. 2 is a similar view with the bitscontracted;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1;

Figs. 4; and `5 are sections on the lines 4:--4 and 5 5, respectively, of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section at the bits.

The Kpresent embodiment of the invention is shown in connection with a well 1, the tool being inserted into the well through the casing 2, which extends to near the bottom of the well as shown, and the bits are adapted to extend below the bottom of the casing to under-drill to permit the casing to be sunk.

rllhe improved tool comprises a body 3, having a central bore 4, and having the lower end of the bore enlarged in frustoconical form as shown at 5, and the bits 6 and 7 arebelow the body, as shown. rlihe bits are similar, each consisting of the body 1 or cutting portion proper, and stems 8 and 9, respectively, the said stems being integral with the bodies of the bits, as shown.

jfFach' bit is recessed onlits inner side and the recesses cooperate, as shown, to receive a head 11 on the lower end of a hollow Speccation of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. v, 1919.

Application led April 30, 1918. Serial No. 231,637.

stem 12, which passes upward through the bore 4-5 of the body and through a coil spring 12, anda nut 13 is screwed onto the upper end of the stem against which the sprlng bears at one end, the opposite end of the sprlng bearing against the upper end of the body.

The spring acts normally-to press the bits upward and the upper ends of the stems 8 and 9 are received within an annular groove or recess 14 in the lower or large end of the enlargement 5. It will be noticed from an lnspection of Fig. 2 that the inclosing wall of this groove or recess is undercut so that when the bits are in the contracted position as shown in Fig. 2 the stems may move apart far enough to permit such contraction.

.Below the groove 14 the body is provided wlth an annular series of ratchet teeth 16, and these teeth are adapted to engage and coperate with other series 17 of ratchet teeth on a shoulder at the junction of the bodies of the bits and the stems and above the opening 10 to hold the bits expanded, as shown in Fig. 1. 'llhe teeth of the series 16 face in the opposite direction to the teeth of the series 17, to prevent inward movement of the lower endsof the bits toward each other, and the said series of teeth must be disengaged before the bits can be contracted.

Above the shoulder provided with, the teeth 17 of each bit another shoulder 18 is provided, and this shoulder, when the, bits are in expanded position, engages within the groove or recess 14. The stems S and 9 of the bits are shaped to fit within and lill the frusto-conical enlargement 5, and when the said stems are in the enlargement with the shoulders A18 of the bits engaging within the groove 14C of the body and with the teeth 16 engaging the teeth 17, the bits are firmly locked in expanded position and they are held. in such position by the coil spring 12a.

An expander 2O is provided to expand and lock and also' release the toolthe said expander having at its upper end a reduced threaded stem 21, which is adapted to en! gage within a threaded socket 22 on the lower end of a shaft 23, the said stem and socket constituting a coupling.

rlhe expander 2O is provided with a head 29 which serves as a limiting stop for theY expander 20 by` its engagement with the The locking head 25, as shown in Fig. 3,

is split at four points, the said splits being at right angleswith respect to each other, and it is grooved or corrugated longitudinally, as shown at 27, to. fit similar grooves or eorrugations on the interior of the casing near its lower end'. lVhen the grooves or corrugations 27 and 28 are in engagement the -tool must rotate with the casing.

The collar 29 arranged on the expander 20 y just above the tapering portion limits the 'downward movement of the expander' to a point where it will expand the split locking head the proper degree to cause the teeth 27 to engage with the teeth 28 but no artherz It will be noted that that portion of the `tubular extension 26 adjacent to the locking head is tapering or frusto-conical, gradually decreasing in cross section from the locking head a little more than half the length ot the said extension. A collar 30 is mounted on this portion of the extension, and pins 31 are passed through the expander 20 at points above and below the collar, and spaced far enough to permit a limited movement of the expander 20 with respect to the collar.

When the expander moves downward as shown in Fig. 15the uppermostpin will engage and move the collar, allowing the locking head to expand while when the expander moves upward as shown 1n Fig. 2, the lowermost pin will engage the collar and w1llallow the locking head to close. The extension 26 is split or cut away on opposite sides as indicated at 32 from the head to the body 3, permitting expansion and contraction of the locking head actuated by the expander 20, and collar 30 necessary to lock the tool in the casing or release it, by moving` the expander up or down.

In operation, the improved tool may be lowered into position through the pipe or casing by a small cable or by rods as may be desired. In lowering the tool, the bits are closed and held closed as shown in Fig. 2, until the bits have passed below the lower end of the pipe or casing, and it will be noted that there is an inter-nal rib or shoulder 33 at the said 'lower\ end which prevents the tool passing entirely out of the pipe or easing by engaging an external shoulder 34 on the tool between the body 3 and the extension 26.

When the bits have passed out at the lower end of the casing, and engage the earth they vare moved' apart and disengage the stems from the recess 14, and the spring moves the stems and the bits upwardly and the ratchet teeth 16 and 17 engage to hold the bits expanded. The stems enter the conical enlargement 5 and the shoulders 18 engage in the groove 14. x

The downward movement of the expander also seals the locking head in the pipe or casing, moving the said head downward to cause the teeth thereof to engage the teeth of the pipe or casing and afterward expanding the head, the said head being resilient. l/Vhen now the casing is rotated the bits are rotated therewith and they eut o1' under-drill to permit the easy downward movement of the pipe or casing. lVater may be supplied through the hollow stem 13 to facilitate the cutting action of the bits.

When the tool is pulled upward with respect to the casing with the bits in expanded position, the head being first released by the upward pull, the pressure of the periphery of the bits against the lower end of the casing will put the spring 12a under tension and will move the bits downward to disengage the teeth 16 and 17. A continued upward movement of the tool will put the parts in the position of Fig. 2, and the entire tool may be withdrawn from the easing. The first downward movement of the expander engages the collar 30 and moves the entire tool downward to cause the locking head to engage with the grooves 28. l

In order to contract the bits when in expanded position, it is necessary to pull up on the tool, moving upward the tapering exp'ander 20, and moving up the sliding collar 30, by the lower pin in the bottom of the expander engaging the collar and pulling it upward at the same time. This action will close the locking head 25, the said' head being first disengaged from the teeth of the casing.

The tool is now loose in the pipe or casing and to remove it from the pipe or easing is only a matter of pulling it out.

The stem 12 referred to is pulled down against the tension of the spring 12, as when the bits come in contact with the bottom of the easing they are pulled down out of the socket, the spring 12 compressing to allow this action.

In use, when the tool is lowered through the pipe or easing with a line the line is fastened at the top to the swivel, and since the said line is engaged with the swivel the turning of the tool does not kink the line.

I claim:

1. A rotary drilling tool for use with well casings for movement through the casing to under-drill the same, and comprising the bits, a support or body for the bits having at its upper end an expanding head for sealing the space between the body and the casing and for locking the body to the casing to constrain the tool tol rotate with the easing, a stem extending through the lower end of the body and supporting the bits,

said body having a tapering recess andthe bits having stems for engaging the recess to hold them expanded, locking means in connection with the body and the bits for holding lthem expanded, a spring normally pressing the stem upward to hold the bits in engagement with the locking means of the body, and positive means for operating the expanding sealing head, and for moving the tool vertically.'

2. A rotary drilling tool for use with well casings and mounted in the casing, and comprising the bits, a support for the bits having resilient means at its upper end for sealing thefspaoe between the support and the casing and for locking the support to *the casing to constrain thetool to rotate with the casing, a stem extending through the lower end of the support, and supporting the bits, said support and bits having interlocking means for holding the bits expanded, resilient means for preventing disengagement of the interlocking Y means, and positive means for operating the sealing means and for moving the tool Verticaliy, said means having a lost motion connection with the tool "to allow locking or unlocking of the tool.

3. A rotary drilling tool for use with well casings and mounted in the casing, and comprising the bits, a support for the bits having resilient means at its upper end for sealing the space between the support and the casing and for locking the support to the Icasing to constrain the tool to rotate with the casing, a stem extending through the lower end of the support, and supporting `the bits, said support and bits having interlocking means for holding the bits expanded, resilient means for preventing disengagement o the interlocking means, and a positive means for operating the sealing means and for moving the tool vertically.,

4. A rotary drilling tool for use with well casings, and comprising the bits, a support adapted to move through the casing and having means for locking thesupport to the casing to constrain the tool to rotate with the casing, interlocking mechanism in connection with the support and the bits for holding them in expanded position, resilient means controlling the interlocking means, and a common means foroperating the locking means between the tool and the casing, and for moving the #tool vertically, said means having a lost motion connection with the tool.

5. A rotary drilling toolfor use with well casings and comprising the bits, a support adapted to move through the casing and having means for locking the support to the casing to constrain the tool to rotate with the casing, interlocking imechanism in connection with the support and the bits for holding them in expanded position, resilient means controlling the interlocking means, and a common means for operating the locking means between Vthe tool and the casing.

JOHN WILLIAM Pll'PPIN.. 

